A four-part working bibliography of neuroethics: Part 4 - Ethical issues in clinical and social applications of neuroscience

Issues in/of the treatment-enhancement discourse

Articles:

Alberini CM, Chen DY: Memory enhancement: consolidation, reconsolidation and insulin-like growth factor 2. Trends Neurosci 2012, 35(5):274-283. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.12.007.

Asscher EC, Schermer M: Wish-fulfilling medicine in practice: the opinions and arguments of lay people. J Med Ethics 2014, 40(12):837-841. doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101480.

Attiah MA, Farah MJ: Minds, motherboards, and money: futurism and realism in the neuroethics of BCI technologies. Front Syst Neurosci 2014, 8:86. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00086.

Bamford R: Unrequited: neurochemical enhancement of love. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2015, 24(3):355-360. doi:10.1017/S0963180114000668.

Benanti P: Neuroenhancement in young people: cultural need or medical technology? AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):27-29. doi:10.1080/21507740903523210.

Beyer C, Staunton C, Moodley K: The implications of methylphenidate use by healthy medical students and doctors in South Africa. BMC Med Ethics 2014, 15:20. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-20.

Boldt J: [Doping, enhancement, betterment: tasks of tomorrow’s medicine?]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2010, 135(37):1823-1826. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1263324.

Bolt LL: True to oneself? broad and narrow ideas on authenticity in the enhancement debate. Theor Med Bioeth 2007, 28(4):285-300. doi:10.1007/s11017-007-9039-8.

Bostrom N, Sandberg A: Cognitive enhancement: methods, ethics, regulatory challenges. Sci Eng Ethics 2009, 15(3):311-341. doi:10.1007/s11948-009-9142-5.

Brewer CD, DeGrote H: Regulating methylphenidate: enhancing cognition and social inequality. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):47-49. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.794886.

Brühl AB, Sahakian BJ: Drugs, games, and devices for enhancing cognition: implications for work and society. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016, 1369(1):195-217. doi:10.1111/nyas.13040.

Bruhn C: [Neuroenhancement: doping for the brain]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009, 134(40): 35. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1124088.

Busardò FP et al.: From clinical application to cognitive enhancement: the example of methylphenidate. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016, 14(1):17-27. doi: 10.2174/1570159X13666150407225902.

Cabrera L, Weckert J: Human enhancement and communication: on meaning and shared understanding. Sci Eng Ethics 2013, 19(3):1039-1056. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9395-2.

Cabrera LY, Elger BS: Memory interventions in the criminal justice system: some practical ethical considerations. J Bioeth Inq 2016, 13(1):95-103. doi:10.1007/s11673-015-9680-2.

Cabrera LY, Reiner PB: Understanding public (mis)understanding of tDCS for enhancement. Front Integr Neurosci 2015, 9:30. doi:10.3389/fnint.2015.00030.

Caplan AL: Important treatment, wrong diagnosis: enhancement is not to blame for the abuse of autonomy. Cerebrum 2004, 6(4):25-26.

Caplan AL, McHugh PR: Shall we enhance? a debate. Cerebrum 2004, 6(4):13-29.

Clausen J: Conceptual and ethical issues with brain-hardware interfaces. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2011, 24(6):495-501. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834bb8ca.

Cooze J, Gillam L: Democratizing “psychotropic neuroenhancement.” AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):19-20. doi:10.1080/21507740903504491.

Danaher J: An evaluative conservative case for biomedical enhancement. J Med Ethics 2016, 42(9):611-618. doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103307.

de Jongh R, Bolt I, Schermer M, Olivier B: Botox for the brain: enhancement of cognition, mood and pro-social behavior and blunting of unwanted memories. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008, 32(4):760-776. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.12.001.

Dietz P, Soyka M, Franke AG: Pharmacological neuroenhancement in the field of economics-poll results from an online survey. Front Psychol 2016, 7:520. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00520.

Dubljević V: Prohibition or coffee shops: regulation of amphetamine and methylphenidate for enhancement use by healthy adults. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):23-33. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.794875.

Dubljević V: Response to open peer commentaries on "prohibition or coffee shops: regulation of amphetamine and methylphenidate for enhancement use by healthy adults". Am J Bioeth 2014, 14(1):W1-W8. doi:10.1080/15265161.2014.862417.

Earp BD, Sandberg A, Kahane G, Savulescu J: When is diminishment a form of enhancement? Rethinking the enhancement debate in biomedical ethics. Front Syst Neurosci 2014, 8:12. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00012.

Eberl JT: A Thomistic appraisal of human enhancement technologies. Theor Med Bioeth 2014, 35(4):289-310. doi:10.1007/s11017-014-9300-x.

Eßmann B: Human enhancement: revisiting the ethical framework. Med Health Care Philos 2011, 14(4):425-427. doi:10.1007/s11019-011-9350-z.

Erler A: Does memory modification threaten our authenticity? Neuroethics 2011, 4(3): 235-249. doi:10.1007/s12152-010-9090-4.

Faber NS, Savulescu J, Douglas T: Why is cognitive enhancement deemed unacceptable? the role of fairness, deservingness, and hollow achievements. Front Psychol 2016, 7:232. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00232.

Farah MJ, Smith ME, Ilieva I, Hamilton RH: Cognitive enhancement. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 2014, 5(1):95-103. doi:10.1002/wcs.1250.

Farah MJ et al.: Neurocognitive enhancement: what can we do and what should we do? Nat Rev Neurosci 2004, 5(5):421-425. doi:10.1038/nrn1390.

Farah MJ: The unknowns of cognitive enhancement. Science 2015, 350(6259):379-380. doi:10.1126/science.aad5893.

Faulmüller N, Maslen H, de Sio FS: The indirect psychological costs of cognitive enhancement. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):45-47. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.794880.

Fenton A: Buddhism and neuroethics: the ethics of pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement. Dev World Bioeth 2009, 9(2):47-56. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2007.00226.x.

Fleischman A et al.: Dealing with the long-term social implications of research. Am J Bioeth 2011, 11(5):5-9. doi:10.1080/15265161.2011.568576.

Flower K et al.: Efficacy, safety, and ethics of cosmetic neurology far from settled. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010, 88(4):461-463. doi:10.1038/clpt.2010.194.

Fond G et al.: Innovative mechanisms of action for pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement: a systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2015, 229(1-2):12-20. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.006.

Fond G et al.: (Mis)use of prescribed stimulants in the medical student community: motives and behaviors: a population-based cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016, 95 (16):e3366. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003366.

Forlini C, Racine E: Considering the causes and implications of ambivalence in using medicine for enhancement. Am J Bioeth 2011, 11(1):15-17. doi: 10.1080/15265161.2011.534952.

Forlini C, Racine E, Vollmann J, Schildmann J: How research on stakeholder perspectives can inform policy on cognitive enhancement. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):41-43. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.794882.

Forlini C et al.: Navigating the enhancement landscape: ethical issues in research on cognitive enhancers for healthy individuals. EMBO Rep 2013, 14(2):123-128. doi:10.1038/embor.2012.225.

Forlini C, Racine E: Stakeholder perspectives and reactions to “academic” cognitive enhancement: unsuspected meaning of ambivalence and analogies. Public Underst Sci 2012, 21(5):606-625. doi:10.1177/0963662510385062.

Franke AG, Northoff R, Hildt E: The case of pharmacological neuroenhancement: medical, judicial and ethical aspects from a German perspective. Pharmacopsychiarty 2015, 48(7): 256-264. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1559640.

Franke AG et al.: [Characteristics of university students using stimulants for cognitive enhancement: a pilot study]. Psychiatr Prax 2012, 39(4):174-180. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1298900.

Franke AG, Soyka M: [Pharmacological cognitive enhancement from a perspective of misuse and addiction]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2015, 83(2):83-90. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1398935.

Franke AG, Lieb K: [Pharmacological neuroenhancement and brain doping: chances and risks]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2010, 53(8):853-859. doi:10.1007/s00103-010-1105-0.

Frati P et al.: Smart drugs and synthetic androgens for cognitive and physical enhancement: revolving doors of cosmetic neurology. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015, 13(1):5-11. doi:10.2174/1570159X13666141210221750.

Garasic MD, Lavazza A: Moral and social reasons to acknowledge the use of cognitive enhancers in competitive-selective contexts. BMC Med Ethics 2016, 17:18. doi:10.1186/s12910-016-0102-8.

Gini A, Rossi J, Giordano J: Considering enhancement (and/or treatment): on the need to regard contingency and develop dialectic evaluation. AJOB Neurosci 2010,1(1):25-27. doi:10.1080/21507740903504392.

Glannon W: Altering the brain and mind. Hastings Cent Rep 2008, 38(4):46-47. doi:10.1353/hcr.0.0039.

Glannon W: Psychopharmacological enhancement. Neuroethics 2008, 1(1):45-54. doi: 10.1007/s12152-008-9005-9.

Gleaves J: A new conceptual gloss that still lacks luster: critiquing Morgan's treatment-enhancement distinction. J Philos Sport 2011, 38(1):103-112. doi:10.1080/00948705.2011.9714552.

Greely HT: Knowing sin: making sure good science doesn’t go bad. Cerebrum 2006, 1-8.

Greely HT: Some first steps toward responsible use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by the healthy. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):39-41. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.795823.

Hall W, Partridge B, Lucke J: Constraints on regulatory options for putatively cognitive enhancing drugs. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):35-37. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.795825.

Hall WD, Lucke JC: The enhancement use of neuropharmaceuticals: more scepticism and caution needed. Addiction 2010, 105(12):2041-2043. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03211.x.

Holtug N: Equality and the treatment-enhancement distinction. Bioethics 2011, 25(3):137-144. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01750.x.

Huggins J, Simmerling M: Normal functioning and the treatment/enhancement distinction: an opportunity based assessment. J Relig Health 2014, 53(4):1214-1222. doi:10.1007/s10943-014-9882-7.

Hyman SE: Cognitive enhancement: promises and perils. Neuron 2011, 69(4):595-598. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.012.

Jain KK: Future of nanomedicine: impact on healthcare & society. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015, 10(21):3199-3202. doi:10.2217/nnm.15.153.

Jensen C, Forlini C, Partridge B, Hall W: Australian university students’ coping strategies and use of pharmaceutical stimulants as cognitive enhancers. Front Psychol 2016, 7:277. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00277.

Jones DG: Enhancement: are ethicists excessively influenced by baseless speculations? Med Humanit 2006, 32(2):77-81. doi:10.1136/jmh.2005.000234.

Kamm FM: Is there a problem with enhancement? Am J Bioeth 2005, 5(3):5-14. doi:10.1080/15265160590945101.

Kraemer F: Me, myself and my brain implant: deep brain stimulation raises questions of personal authenticity and alienation. Neuroethics 2013, 6:483-497. doi:10.1007/s12152-011-9115-7

Krstić P: The better human, the better than human: limits of enhancement. Filozofija i Društvo 2012, 23(2):124-144. doi:10.2298/FID1202124K.

Kuiken T: Nanomedicine and ethics: is there anything new or unique? Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011, 3(2):111-118. doi:10.1002/wnan.90.

Lamkin M: Regulating identity: medical regulation as social control. BYU L Rev 2016, 2016(2):503-574.

Lane MA, Ingram DK, Roth GS: The serious search for an anti-aging pill. Sci Am 2002, 287 (2):36-41. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0802-36.

Larrieu P: Les enjeux éthiques de la neuroamélioration [ethical issues of the neuroimprovement]. Médecine & Droit 2014, 126:61-65. doi:10.1016/j.meddro.2014.03.003.

Larriviere D, Williams MA: Neuroenhancement: wisdom of the masses or “false phronesis”? Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010, 88(4):459-461. doi:10.1038/clpt.2010.140.

Levy N: There may be costs to failing to enhance, as well as to enhancing. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):38-39. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.796222.

Liakoni E et al.: The use of prescription drugs, recreational drugs, and "soft enhancers" for cognitive enhancement among Swiss secondary school students. PLoS One 2015, 10(10):e0141289. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141289.

Lucas MS: Baby steps to superintelligence: neuroprosthetics and children. J Evol Technol 2012, 22(1):132-145.

Lucke J. & Patridge B: Towards a smart population: a public health framework for cognitive enhancement. Neuroethics 2013, 6: 419. doi:10.1007/s12152-012-9167-3.

MacDonald C, Poirier N: Pediatric neuroenhancement: full steam ahead, in a leaky boat? AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):33-35. doi:10.1080/21507740903504517.

Maier LJ, Haug S, Schaub MP: Author's response on Arria (2016): intention matters-using the terminology 'pharmacological neuroenhancement' as a behavioural definition based on the assumed functionality. Addiction 2016, 111(5):938-939. doi:10.1111/add.13331.

Maier LJ et al.: Pharmacological cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals: a compensation for cognitive deficits or a question of personality? PLoS One 2015, 10 (6):e0129805. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129805.

Maier LJ, Haug S, Schaub MP: Prevalence of and motives for pharmacological neuroenhancement in Switzerland--results from a national Internet panel. Addiction 2016, 111(2):280-295. doi:10.1111/add.13059.

Maier LJ et al.: Swiss university students’ attitudes toward pharmacological cognitive enhancement. PLoS One 2015, 10(12):e0144402. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144402.

Maier LJ, Liechti ME, Herzig F, Schaub MP: To dope or not to dope: neuroenhancement with prescription drugs and drugs of abuse among Swiss university students. PLoS One 2013, 8 (11):e77967. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077967.

Maslen H, Earp BD, Kadosh RC, Savulescu J: Brain stimulation for treatment and enhancement in children: an ethical analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2014, 8:1-5. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00953.

Maslen H et al.: The regulation of cognitive enhancement devices: refining Maslen et al.’s model. J Law Biosci 2015, 2(3):754-767. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv029.

Mauron A, Hurst S: From Ritalin to malignant teaching -- the fuzzy borders of neuroenhancement. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):31-33. doi:10.1080/21507740903504384.

McCrickerd J: Sudden discontinuation and the subjective character of experience: a reason to resist psychotropic neuroenhancements. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):23-25. doi:10.1080/21507740903504459.

Mendelsohn D, Lipsman N, Bernstein M: Neurosurgeons’ perspectives on psychosurgery and neuroenhancement: a qualitative study at one center. J Neurosurg 2010, 113(6): 1212-1218. doi:10.3171/2010.5.JNS091896.

Mohamed AD, Sahakian BJ: The ethics of elective psychopharmacology. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012, 15(4):559-571. doi:10.1017/S146114571100037X.

Mohamed AD: Neuroethical issues in pharmacological cognitive enhancement. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 2014, 5(5):533-549. doi:10.1002/wcs.1306.

Moutaud B: Neuromodulation technologies and the regulation of forms of life: exploring, treating, enhancing. Med Anthropol 2016, 35(1):90-103. doi:10.1080/01459740.2015.1055355.

Normann C, Boldt J, Maio G, Berger M: [Options, limits and ethics of pharmacological neuroenhancement]. Nervenarzt 2010, 81(1):66-74. doi:10.1007/s00115-009-2858-2.

Ori L: Should children have equal access to neuroenhancements? AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):21-23. doi:10.1080/21507740903504442.

Ott R: Neuroenhancement - perspectives of Swiss psychiatrists and general practitioners. Swiss Med Wkly 2012, 142:w13707. doi:10.4414/smw.2012.13707.

Outram SM, Racine E: Examining reports and policies on cognitive enhancement: approaches, rationale, and recommendations. Account Res 2011, 18(5):323-341. doi:10.1080/08989621.2011.606734.

Outram SM: Negotiating an inevitable future? AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):29-31. doi:10.1080/21507740903504426.

Outram SM: The use of methylphenidate among students: the future of enhancement? J Med Ethics 2010, 36(4):198-202. doi:10.1136/jme.2009.034421.

Parens E: Authenticity and ambivalence: toward understanding the enhancement debate. Hastings Cent Rep 2005, 35(3):34-41. doi:10.1353/hcr.2005.0067.

Parens E: On good and bad forms of medicalization. Bioethics 2013, 27(1):28-35. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01885.x.

Partridge BJ et al.: Smart drugs “as common as coffee”: media hype about neuroenhancement. PLoS One 2011, 6(11):e28416. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028416.

Persson I, Savulescu J: The perils of cognitive enhancement and the urgent imperative to enhance the moral character of humanity. J Appl Philos 2008, 25(3):162-177. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5930.2008.00410.x.

Penrose B: Sandel on enhancement : a response to Van Niekerk.

S Afr J Philos 2016, 35(2):145-163. doi:10.1080/02580136.2016.1162038.

Pickersgill M, Hogle L: Enhancement, ethics and society: towards an empirical research agenda for the medical humanities and social sciences. Med Humanit 2015, 41(2):136-142. doi:10.1136/medhum-2015-010718.

Ponnet K et al.: Determinants of physicians’ prescribing behaviour of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement. Psychol Health Med 2014, 19(3):286-295. doi:10.1080/13548506.2013.802361.

Racine E, Forlini C: Responding to requests from adult patients for neuroenhancements: guidance of the Ethics, Law and Humanities Committee. Neurology 2010, 74(19):1555-1556. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d8a54a.

Racine E et al.: The value and pitfalls of speculation about science and technology in bioethics: the case of cognitive enhancement. Med Health Care Philos 2014, 17(3):325-337. doi:10.1007/s11019-013-9539-4.

Ragan CI, Bard I, Singh I, Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs: What should we do about student use of cognitive enhancers? an analysis of current evidence. Neuropharmacology 2013, 64:588-595. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.016.

Ray KS: Not just "study drugs" for the rich: stimulants as moral tools for creating opportunities for socially disadvantaged students. Am J Bioeth 2016, 16(6):29-38. doi:10.1080/15265161.2016.1170231.

Rodríguez B: Sobre la relevancia moral de la distinción mejora-tratamiento [on the moral relevance of the enhancement treatment distinction]. Dilemata 2012, 10:307-328.

Roduit JA, Baumann H, Heilinger JC: Human enhancement and perfection. J Med Ethics 2013, 39(10):647-650. doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100920.

Roduit JA, Heilinger JC, Baumann H: Ideas of perfection and the ethics of human enhancement. Bioethics 2015, 29(9):622-630. doi:10.1111/bioe.12192.

Sahakian BJ, Morein-Zamir S: Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement. J Psychopharmacol 2011, 25(2):197-204. doi:10.1177/0269881109106926.

Sandberg A, Bostrom N: Converging cognitive enhancements. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006, 1093:201-227. doi:10.1196/annals.1382.015.

Sandberg A: Enhancement policy and the value of information. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):34-35. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.795826.

Sattler S, Schunck R: Associations between the big five personality traits and the non-medical use of prescription drugs for cognitive enhancement. Front Psychol 2016, 6: 1971. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01971.

Sattler S, Mehlkop G, Graeff P, Sauer C: Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2014, 9:8. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-9-8.

Sattler S, Forlini C, Racine E, Sauer C: Impact of contextual factors and substance characteristics on perspectives toward cognitive enhancement. PLoS One 2013, 8(8):e71452. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071452.

Savulescu J: A liberal consequentialist approach to regulation of cognitive enhancers. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):53-55. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.796220.

Schelle KJ, Faulmüller N, Caviola L, Hewstone M: Attitudes toward pharmacological cognitive enhancement-a review. Front Syst Neurosci 2014, 8:53. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00053.

Schwartz PH: Defending the distinction between treatment and enhancement. Am J Bioeth 2005, 5(3):17-19. doi:10.1080/15265160591002755.

Selgelid MJ: An argument against arguments for enhancement. Stud Ethics Law Technol 2008, 1(1):12. doi:10.2202/1941-6008.1008.

Singh I, Kelleher KJ: Neuroenhancement in young people: proposal for research, policy, and clinical management. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):3-16. doi:10.1080/2150774090350859.

Synofzik M: Kognition à la carte? - der wunsch nach kognitionsverbessernden psychopharmaka in der medizin [cognition on demand? - the wish for cognition-enhancing drugs in medicine]. Ethik Med 2006, 18(1):37-50. doi:10.1007/s00481-006-0412-3.

Synofzik M, Schlaepfer TE: Stimulating personality: ethical criteria for deep brain stimulation in psychiatric patients and for enhancement purposes. Biotechnol J 2008, 3(12):1511-1520. doi:10.1002/biot.200800187.

Sparrow R: Enhancement and obsolescence: avoiding an “enhanced rat race”. Kennedy Inst Ethics J 2015, 25(3):231-260. doi:10.1353/ken.2015.0015.

Trancik EK: Enhancement versus therapy in Catholic neuroethics. Natl Cathol Bioeth Q 2015, 15(1):63-72. doi:10.5840/ncbq20151517.

Vargo EJ, Petróczi A: “It was me on a good day”: exploring the smart drug use phenomenon in England. Front Psychol 2016, 7:779. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00779.

Wade L, Forlini C, Racine, E: Generating genius: how an Alzheimer's drug became considered a 'cognitive enhancer' for healthy individuals. BMC Med Ethics 2014, 15:37. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-37.

Walcher-Andris E: Ethische aspekte des pharmakologischen „cognition enhancement“ am beispiel des gebrauchs von psychostimulanzien durch kinder und jugendliche [ethical aspects of pharmacological "cognition enhancement" using the example of the use of psychostimulants by children and adolescents]. Ethik Med 2006, 18(1):27-36. doi:10.1007/s00481-006-0411-4.

Wolff W, Baumgarten F, Brand R: Reduced self-control leads to disregard of an unfamiliar behavioral option: an experimental approach to the study of neuroenhancement. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2013, 8:41. doi:10.1186/1747-597X-8-41.

Wolff W, Sandouqa Y, Brand R: Using the simple sample count to estimate the frequency of prescription drug neuroenhancement in a sample of Jordan employees. Int J Drug Policy 2016, 31:51-55. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.12.014.

Wolpe PR: Treatment, enhancement, and the ethics of neurotherapeutics. Brain Cogn 2002, 50(3):387-395. doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(02)00534-1.

Zelli A, Lucidi F, Mallia L: The complexity of neuroenhancement and the adoption of a social cognitive perspective. Front Psychol 2015, 6:1880. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01880.

Zwart H: Limitless as a neuro-pharmaceutical experiment and as a Daseinsanalyse: on the use of fiction in preparatory debates on cognitive enhancement. Med Health Care Philos 2014, 17(1):29-38. doi:10.1007/s11019-013-9481-5.

Books:

Agar N: Humanity’s End: Why We Should Reject Radical Enhancement. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 2010.

Agar N: Liberal Eugenics: In Defence of Human Enhancement. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing; 2005.

Agar N: Truly Human Enhancement: A Philosophical Defense of Limits. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 2014.

Baron J: Against Bioethics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2006.

Blank RH: Cognitive Enhancement: Social and Public Policy Issues. New York: Palgrave Pivot; 2015.

Basl J, Sandler RL, eds.: Designer Biology: The Ethics of Intensively Engineering Biological and Ecological Systems. Lanham: Lexington Books; 2013.

Bateman S et al. eds.: Inquiring Into Human Enhancement: Interdisciplinary and International Perspectives. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2015.

Buchanan AE: Beyond Humanity? The Ethics of Biomedical Enhancement. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011.

Cabrera LY: Rethinking Human Enhancement: Social Enhancement and Emergent Technologies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2015.

Cassell E: The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004.

Coeckelbergh M: Human Being @ Risk: Enhancement, Technology, and the Evaluation of Vulnerability Transformations. Dordrecht: Springer; 2013.

Dickenson D: Me Medicine vs. We Medicine: Reclaiming Biotechnology for the Common Good. New York: Columbia University Press; 2013.

Eilers M, Gruber K, Rehmann-Sutter C, eds: The Human Enhancement Debate and Disability: New Bodies for a Better Life. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2014.

Engel AK, Friston KJ, Kragic D: The Pragmatic Turn: Toward Action-Oriented Views in Cognitive Science. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 2015.

Flanagan O: The Problem of the Soul: Two Visions of Mind and How to Reconcile Them. New York, NY: Basic Books; 2002.

Fröding B, Osika W: Neuroenhancement: How Mental Training and Meditation Can Promote Epistemic Virtue. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

Glannon W: Bioethics and the Brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.

Gordijn B, Chadwick R, eds.: Medical Enhancement and Posthumanity. Dordrecht: Springer; 2008.

Hauskeller M: Better Humans? Understanding the Enhancement Project. Durham, UK: Acumen; 2013.

Hildt E, Franke AG: Cognitive Enhancement: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer; 2013.

Jotterand F, Dubljević V, eds.: Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Policy Implications in International Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016.

Kass L: Beyond Therapy: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness. Washington, D.C.: President's Council on Bioethics; 2003.

Mehlman MJ: The Price of Perfection: Individualism and Society in the Era of Biomedical Enhancement. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2009.

Naam R: More Than Human: Embracing the Promise of Biological Enhancement. New York: Broadway Books; 2005.

Parens E: Shaping Our Selves: On Technology, Flourishing, and a Habit of Thinking. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015.

Roduit JAR: The Case for Perfection: Ethics in the Age of Human Enhancement. New York: Peter Lang; 2016.

Rothman SM: The Pursuit of Perfection: The Promise and Perils of Medical Enhancement. New York: Vintage Books; 2004.

Sadler J: Values and Psychiatric Diagnosis. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.

Savulescu J, Bostrom N, eds.: Human Enhancement. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009.

Schöne-Seifert B et al.: Neuro-Enhancement : Ethik vor neuen Herausforderungen. Paderborn: Mentis; 2009.

Schütz R, Hildt E, Hampel J: Neuroenhancement Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf eine Kontroverse [Neuroenhancement: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on a Controversy]. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag; 2016.

Sisti D, Caplan A, McCartney J: Health, Disease, and Illness: Concepts in Medicine. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press; 2004.

Vincent JD: The Custom-Made Brain: Cerebral Plasticity, Regeneration, and Enhancement. New York: Columbia University Press; 2014.

Wiseman H: The Myth of the Moral Brain: The Limits of Moral Enhancement. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 2016.

Wolpe P: Introductory Remarks to the Panel. First Meeting of Neuroethics Society. Washington, D.C.; 2008.

Book Chapters:

Abney K, Lin P, Mehlman M: Military neuroenhancement and risk assessment. In Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2015:239-248.

Blank RH: Ethical and social context of cognitive enhancement. In his Cognitive Enhancement: Social and Public Policy Issues. New York: Palgrave Pivot; 2015:42-70.

Cabrera LY: How does enhancing cognition affect human values? how does this translate into social responsibility? In Ethical Issues in Behavioral Neuroscience. Edited by Grace Lee, Judith Illes, Frauke Ohl. Heidelberg: Springer; 2015:223-241.

Caplan AL: An unnatural process : why is it not inherently wrong to seek a cure for aging? In Fountain of Youth: Cultural, Scientific, and Ethical Perspectives on a Biomedical Goal. Edited by Stephen G. Post, Robert H. Binstock. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004:271-285.

Caplan AL, McHugh PR: Shall we enhance? a debate. In Defining Right and Wrong in Brain Science. Edited by Walter Glannon. New York: Dana Press; 2007:271-288.

Chancellor B, Chatterjee A: Brain training. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:57-68.

Chatterjee A: Brain enhancement in healthy adults. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:3-15.

Conrad P, Horwitz A: Marketing of neuropsychiatric illness and enhancement. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:46-56.

Dominey PF, Prescott TJ, Bohg J, Schwartz A: Implications of action-oriented paradigm shifts in cognitive science. In The Pragmatic Turn: Toward Action-Oriented Views in Cognitive Science. Edited by Andreas K. Engel, Karl Friston, Danica Kragic. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 2015:333-356.

Farah MJ et al.: Neurocognitive enhancement: what can we do and what should we do? In Defining Right and Wrong in Brain Science. Edited by Walter Glannon. New York: Dana Press; 2007:289-301.

Gini A, Giordano J: The human condition and strivings to flourish. In Scientific and Philosophical Perspectives in Neuroethics. Edited by James J. Giordano, Bert Gordijn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010:343-354.

Glannon W: Cognitive enhancement. In his Brain, Body, and Mind. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.; 2011:115-145.

Klitzman R: Clinicians, patients, and the brain. In Neuroethics: Defining the Issues in Theory, Practice, and Policy. Edited by Judith Illes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006:229-244.

Parens E: How far will the treatment/enhancement distinction get us as we grapple with new ways to shape ourselves? In Neuroethics: Mapping the Field. Edited by Steven J. Marcus. New York: Dana Press; 2002:152-158.

Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues. Cognitive enhancement and beyond. In their Gray Matters: Topics at the Intersection of Neuroscience, Ethics, and Society (Vol. 2). Washington, DC: Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues; 2015:27-52.

Racine E: Enhancement of performance with neuropharmaceuticals: pragmatism and the culture wars. In his Pragmatic Neuroethics: Improving Treatment and Understanding of the Mind-Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2010:121-138.

Racine D, DuRousseau D, Illes J: Ethical issues in performance-enhancing technologies: from bench to headline. In Neurotechnology: Premises, Potential, and Problems. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012:175-198.

Russo MB, Stetz MC, Stetz TA: Ethical considerations: cogniceuticals in the military. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:35-45.

Siipi H: Is neuroenhancement unnatural, and does it morally matter? In Neurotechnology: Premises, Potential, and Problems. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012:199-212.

Singh I, Kelleher K: The case for clinical management of neuroenhancement in young people. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:16-34.

Terbeck S: Neuroethics of social enhancement. In her The Social Neuroscience of Intergroup Relations: Prejudice, Can We Cure It? New York: Springer; 2016:69-83.

Viirre E, Baylis F, Downie J: Promises and perils of cognitive performance tools: a dialogue. In Neurotechnology: Premises, Potential, and Problems. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012:125-141.

Ethical issues in neurology (including neuro-rehabilitation)

Articles:

Al-Delaimy WK: Ethical concepts and future challenges of neuroimaging: an Islamic perspective. Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):509-518. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9386-3

Andrews K: Medical decisionmaking in the vegetative state: withdrawal of nutrition and hydration. NeuroRehabilitation 2004, 19(4):299-304.

Annas GJ: “Culture of life” politics at the bedside - the case of Terri Schiavo. N Engl J Med 2005, 352(16):1710-1715. doi:10.1056/NEJMlim050643.

Aricò I et al.: Could combined sleep and pain evaluation be useful in the diagnosis of disorders of consciousness (DOC)? preliminary findings. Brain Inj 2016, 30(2):159-163. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1089595.

Baars BJ, Ramsøy TZ, Laureys S: Brain, conscious experience and the observing self. Trends Neurosci 2003, 26(12):671-675. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2003.09.015.

Bardin JC et al.: Dissociations between behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based evaluations of cognitive function after brain injury. Brain 2011, 134(Pt 3): 769-782. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr005.

Bender A et al.: Persistent vegetative state and minimally conscious state: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic procedures. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015, 112(14):235-242. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0235.

Bernat JL: The biophilosophical basis of whole-brain death. Soc Philos Policy 2002, 19(2): 324-342. doi:10.1017/S0265052502192132.

Brogan ME, Provencio JJ: Spectrum of catastrophic brain injury: coma and related disorders of consciousness. J Crit Care 2014, 29(4):679-682. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.04.014.

Brosnan C, Cribb A, Wainwright SP, Williams C: Neuroscientists' everyday experiences of ethics: the interplay of regulatory, professional, personal and tangible ethical spheres. Sociol Health Illn 2013, 35(8):1133-1148. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12026.

Calabrò RS et al.: End-of-life decisions in chronic disorders of consciousness: sacrality and dignity as factors. Neuroethics 2016, 9(1):85-102. doi:10.1007/s12152-016-9257-8.

Clausen J: Moving minds: ethical aspects of neural motor prostheses. Biotechnol J 2008, 3(12):1493-1501. doi:10.1002/biot.200800244.

Comte A et al.: On the difficulty to communicate with fMRI-based protocols used to identify covert awareness. Neuroscience 2015, 300:448-459. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.059.

Conrad G, Sinha P: Scintigraphy as a confirmatory test of brain death. Semin Nucl Med 2003, 33(4):312-323. doi:10.1016/S0001-2998(03)00034-5.

Cranford R: Facts, lies, and videotapes: the permanent vegetative state and the sad case of Terri Schiavo. J Law Med Ethics 2005, 33(2):363-371. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2005.tb00501.x.

Crozier S: Neuroéthique: questions éthiques en neurosciences [neuroethics: ethical issues in neurosciences]. Rev Prat 2013, 63(5):666-669.

Deeb W et al.: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: a review of emerging issues and technologies. Front Integr Neurosci 2016, 10:38. doi:10.3389/fnint.2016.00038.

Demetriades AK, Demetriades CK, Watts C, Ashkan K: Brain-machine interface: the challenge of neuroethics. Surgeon 2010, 8(5):267-269. doi:10.1016/j.surge.2010.05.006.

Farah MJ: An ethics toolbox for neurotechnology. Neuron 2015, 86(1):34-37. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.038.

Farah MJ: Neuroethics and the problem of other minds: implications of neuroscience evidence for the moral status of brain-damaged patients and nonhuman animals. Neuroethics 2008, 1(1):9-18. doi:10.1007/s12152-008-9006-8.

Farah MJ, Heberlein AS: Personhood and neuroscience: naturalizing or nihiliating? Am J Bioeth 2007, 7(1):37-48. doi:10.1080/15265160601064199.

Farisco M, Petrini C: Misdiagnosis as an ethical and scientific challenge. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2014, 50(3):229-233. doi:10.4415/ANN_14_03_05.

Figueroa G: Neuroética: reflexiones sobre los principios de la moral latentes en la medicina [neuroethics: reflections on the latent principles of morals in medicine]. Rev Med Chil 2012, 140(8):1078-1084. doi:10.4067/S0034-98872012000800018.

Fins JJ: Clinical pragmatism and the care of brain damaged patients: toward a palliative neuroethics for disorders of consciousness. Prog Brain Res 2005, 150:565-582. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50040-2.

Fins JJ: Lessons from the injured brain: a bioethicist in the vineyards of neuroscience. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2009, 18(1):7-13. doi:10.1017/S0963180108090038.

Fins JJ et al. Neuroimaging and disorders of consciousness: envisioning an ethical research agenda. Am J Bioeth 2008, 8(9):3-12. doi:10.1080/15265160802318113.

Fins JJ: Nanotechnology, neuromodulation & the immune response: discourse, materiality & ethics. Biomed Microdevices 2015, 17(2):28. doi:10.1007/s10544-015-9934-0.

Fins JJ, Schiff ND: Shades of gray: new insights into the vegetative state. Hastings Cent Rep 2006, 36(6):8. doi:10.1353/hcr.2006.0094.

Ford PJ, Deshpande A: The ethics of surgically invasive neuroscience research. Handb Clin Neurol 2013, 118:315-321. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53501-6.00026-3.

Gabriel D et al.: Replicability and impact of statistics in the detection of neural responses of consciousness. Brain 2016, 139(Pt 6):e30. doi:10.1093/brain/aww065.

Gassen HG: Why neuroethics? Biotechnol J 2008, 3(12):1463-1465. doi:10.1002/biot.200890109.

Giacino JT et al.: The minimally conscious state: definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology 2002, 58(3):349-353. doi:10.1212/WNL.58.3.349.

Giordano J: Conditions for consent to the use of neurotechnology: a preparatory neuroethical approach to risk assessment and reduction. AJOB Neurosci 2015, 6(4):12-49. doi:10.1080/21507740.2015.1094557.

Giordano J, Akhouri R, McBride DK: Implantable nano-neurotechnological devices: consideration of ethical, legal and social issues and implications. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2009, 19(1):83-93. doi:10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.v19.i1.80.

Giordano J: A preparatory neuroethical approach to assessing developments in neurotechnology. AMA J Ethics 2015, 17(1):56-61. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2015.17.01.msoc1-1501.

Giordano J. Toward an operational neuroethical risk analysis and mitigation paradigm for emerging neuroscience and technology (neuroS/T). Exp Neurol 2016, 287(4):492-495. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.016.

Giordano J: The value of patient benefit: consideration of framing contingencies to guide the ethical use of DBS--a case analysis. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2016, 25(4):755-758. doi:10.1017/S0963180116000530.

Gostin LO: Ethics, the constitution, and the dying process: the case of Theresa Marie Schiavo. JAMA 2005, 293(19):2403-2407. doi:10.1001/jama.293.19.2403.

Green RM: Neural technologies: the ethics of intimate access to the mind. Hastings Cent Rep 2015, 45(6):36-37. doi:10.1002/hast.516.

Greenspan RJ: Biological indeterminacy. Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):447-452. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9379-2.

Harris J, Lawrence DR: Hot baths and cold minds: neuroscience, mind reading, and mind misreading. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2015, 24(2):123-134. doi:10.1017/S0963180114000425.

Haubenberger D, Clifford DB: Clinical trials in neurovirology: successes, challenges, and pitfalls. Neurotherapeutics 2016, 13(3):571-581. doi:10.1007/s13311-016-0440-8.

Illes J: Empirical neuroethics: can brain imaging visualize human thought? why is neuroethics interested in such a possibility. EMBO Rep 2007, 8:S57-S60. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401007.

Iosa M, Morone G, Cherubini A, Paolucci S: The three laws of neurorobotics: a review on what neurorehabilitation robots should do for patients and clinicians. J Med Biol Eng 2016, 36:1-11. doi:10.1007/s40846-016-0115-2.

Jennett B: The assessment and rehabilitation of vegetative and minimally conscious patients: definitions, diagnosis, prevalence and ethics. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2005, 15(3-4):163-165. doi:10.1080/09602010443000632.

Jox RJ, Schöne-Seifert B, Brukamp K: Aktuelle kontroversen in der neuroethik [current controversies in neuroethics]. Nervenarzt 2013, 84(10):1163-1164. doi:10.1007/s00115-013-3731-x.

Jox RJ: Beste interessen im "vegetativen zustand" [best interests in the 'vegetative state']. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2011, 79(10):576-581. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1281736.

Jox RJ et al.: Diagnosis and decision making for patients with disorders of consciousness: a survey among family members. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015, 96(2):323-330. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.09.030.

Jox RJ, Bernat JL, Laureys, Racine E: Disorders of consciousness: responding to requests for novel diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Lancet Neurol 2012, 11(8):732-738. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70154-0.

Kawashima K: 終末期のケアと神経科学における最善の生活を考える [thinking about the best life in end-of-life care and neuroethics]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2008, 48(11):955-957.

Kontsevenko AS: Биoэтичecкиe пpoблeмы в нeйpoбиoлoгии [bioethical problems in neurosciences]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2011, 111(4):67-70.

Krug H: Neuroethik in der klinischen praxis [Neuroethics in clinical practice]. Nervenarzt 2009, 80(8):941-947. doi:10.1007/s00115-009-2683-7.

Kuehlmeyer K et al.: Physicians' attitudes toward medical and ethical challenges for patients in the vegetative state: comparing Canadian and German perspectives in a vignette survey. BMC Neurol 2014, 14:119. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-14-119.

Kushner T, Giordano J: Clinical neuroethics – from bench to bedside…and beyond. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2016, 25(4):570-572. doi:10.1017/S096318011600030X.

Lanfermann H, Schober O: Imaging of irreversible loss of brain function. Röfo 2016, 188(1):23-26. doi:10.1055/s-0041-108202.

Latronico N, Manenti O, Baini L, Rasulo FA: Quality of reporting on the vegetative state in Italian newspapers: the case of Eluana Englaro. PLoS One 2011, 6(4):e18706. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018706.

Laureys S: The neural correlate of (un)awareness: lessons from the vegetative states. Trends Cogn Sci 2005, 9(12):556-559. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.10.010.

Laureys S et al.: Cerebral processing in the minimally conscious state. Neurology 2004, 63(5): 916-918. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000137421.30792.9B.

Lee G et al.: Canadian perspectives on the clinical actionability of neuroimaging in disorders of consciousness. Can J Neurol Sci 2015, 42(2):96-105. doi:10.1017/cjn.2015.8.

Leshner AL: Ethical issues in taking neuroscience research from bench to bedside. Cerebrum 2004, 6(4):66-72.

McMillan TM, Herbert CM: Further recovery in a potential treatment withdrawal case 10 years after brain injury. Brain Inj 2004, 18(9):935-940. doi:10.1080/02699050410001675915.

Mikulis D, Weijer C, Young GB: Illuminating awareness: implications of fMRI research in disorders of consciousness. Can J Neurol Sci 2015, 42(4):211-212. doi:10.1017/cjn.2015.34.

Miller FG, Kaptchuk TJ: Deception of subjects in neuroscience: an ethical analysis. J Neurosci 2008, 28(19):4841-4843. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1493-08.2008.

Moosa E: Translating neuroethics: reflections from Muslim ethics: commentary on "Ethical concepts and future challenges of neuroimaging: an islamic perspective". Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):519-528. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9392-5.

Niebrój LT: Neuroetyki: nowa jakość etyki lekarskiej? [Neuroethics: new quality of medical ethics?] Ann Acad Med Stetin 2013, 59(1):130-136.

Northoff G: Methodische defizite in der neuroethik: brauchen wir theoretische neuroethik? [methodological deficits in neuroethics: do we need theoretical neuroethics?] Nervenarzt 2013, 84(10):1196-1202. doi:10.1007/s00115-013-3732-9.

Owen AM, Coleman MR: Detecting awareness in the vegetative state. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008, 1129:130-138. doi:10.1196/annals.1417.018.

Parker LS, Kienholz ML: Disclosure issues in neuroscience research. Account Res 2008, 15(4):226-241. doi:10.1080/08989620802388697.

Peterson A et al.: Risk, diagnostic error, and the clinical science of consciousness. Neuroimage Clin 2015, 7:588-597. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.008.

Pierce R: What a tangled web we weave: ethical and legal implications of deception in recruitment. Account Res 2008, 15(4):262-282. doi:10.1080/08989620802388713.

Pirruccello A: Reductionism, brain imaging, and social identity: commentary on “biological indeterminacy”. Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):453-456. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9372-9.

Pope John Paul II: Address of Pope John Paul II to the participants in the International Congress on “life-sustaining treatments and vegetative state: scientific advances and ethical dilemmas.” NeuroRehabilitation 2004, 19(4):273-275.

Quill TE: Terri Schiavo--a tragedy compounded. N Engl J Med 2005, 352(16):1630-1633. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058062.

Racine E et al.: Proven or unproven? panel report on ethics in the translation of neuroscience. Can J Neurol Sci 2012, 39(2):247-250. doi:10.1017/S0317167100013330.

Rady MY, Verheijde JL: Neuroscience and awareness in the dying human brain: implications for organ donation practices. J Crit Care 2016, 34:121-123. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.04.016.

Robles del Olmo B, Garcia Collado D: [Ethical challenges of the finding of covert awareness with neuroimaging in vegetative states.] Med Clin (Barc) 2016, 146(5):218-222. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2015.07.011.

Rossi PJ et al.: Decision technologies in medical research and practice: Practical considerations, ethical implications and the need for dialectical evaluation. Ethics Biol Eng Med 2013, 4(2):91-102. doi:10.1615/EthicsBiologyEngMed.2013008091.

Rossi PJ, Giordano J, Walter BL, Okun MS: Ethical considerations of broadcasting awake brain stimulation surgery: reigniting a debate. Brain Stimul 2016, 9(3):320-322. doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.03.012.

Rossi PJ et al.: Proceedings of the Third Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: a review of emerging issues and technologies. Front Neurosci 2016, 10(119). doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00119.

Rossi PJ, Okun M, Giordano J: Translational imperatives in deep brain stimulation research: addressing neuroethical issues of consequences and continuity of clinical care. AJOB Neurosci 2014, 5(1): 46-48. doi:0.1080/21507740.2013.863248.

Saposnik G, Maurino J, Saizar R, Bueri JA: Spontaneous and reflex movements in 107 patients with brain death. Am J Med 2005, 118(3):311-314. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.09.013.

Schiff ND et al.: fMRI reveals large-scale network activation in minimally conscious patients. Neurology 2005, 64(3):514-523. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000150883.10285.44.

Schiff ND et al.: Residual cerebral activity and behavioural fragments can remain in the persistently vegetative brain. Brain 2002, 125(Pt.6):1210-1234. doi:10.1093/brain/awf131.

Schorr B, Schlee W, Arndt M, Bender A: Coherence in resting-state EEG as a predictor for the recovery from unresponsive wakefulness syndrome. J Neurol 2016, 263(5):937-953. doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8084-5.

Smart CM, Giacino JT: Exploring caregivers' knowledge of and receptivity toward novel diagnostic tests and treatments for persons with post-traumatic disorders of consciousness. NeuroRehabilitation 2015, 37(1):117-130. doi:10.3233/NRE-151244.

Trimper JB, Wolpe PR, Rommelfanger KS: When “I” becomes “we”: ethical implications of emerging brain-to-brain interfacing technologies. Front Neuroeng 2014, 7:4. doi:10.3389/fneng.2014.00004.

Van McCrary S: Transferring emerging neuroscience to the clinical ethics bedside. Am J Bioeth 2009, 9(9):21-23. doi:10.1080/15265160903098549.

Veatch RM: Abandon the dead donor rule or change the definition of death? Kennedy Inst Ethics J 2004, 14(3):261-276. doi:10.1353/ken.2004.0035.

Venturelli AN, Branca I: Evidencia y neurociencias cognitivas: el caso de la resonancia magnética funcional [evidence and cognitive neurosciences: the case of functional MRI]. Tópicos 2016, 50:177-207.

Wolpe PR: Ethical and social challenges of brain-computer interfaces. Virtual Mentor 2007, 9(2):128-131. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2007.9.2.msoc1-0702.

Books:

Ackerman S: Hard Science, Hard Choices: Facts, Ethics, and Policies Guiding Brain Science Today. New York: Dana Press; 2006.

Bernat JL, Beresford HR: Ethical and Legal Issues in Neurology. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2013.

Giordano JJ, Gordijn B: Scientific and Philosophical Perspectives in Neuroethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010.

Glannon W: Defining Right and Wrong in Brain Science: Essential Readings in Neuroethics. New York: Dana Press; 2007.

Jennett B: The Vegetative State. Medical Facts, Ethical And Legal Dilemmas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002.

Jox RJ, International Neuroethics Workshop for Young Academics and Health Care Practitioners. Vegetative State - A Paradigmatic Problem of Modern Society: Medical, Ethical, Legal and Social Perspectives on Chronic Disorders of Consciousness. Wein: Lit-Verl; 2012.

Laureys S, Tononi G: The Neurology of Consciousness: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropathology. London: Academic; 2009.

Lavazza A: Frontiers in Neuroethics: Conceptual and Empirical Advancements. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2016.

Shevell MI: Ethical Issues in Pediatric Neurology. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002.

Sinnott-Armstrong W: Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016.

Williams MA, McGuire D, Rizzo M: Practical Ethics in Clinical Neurology: A Case-based Learning Approach. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.

Book Chapters:

Balaban CD: Neurotechnology and operational medicine. In Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2015:65-78.

Bernat JL: Consciousness and death: the whole-brain formulation of death. In Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage. Edited by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016:38-56.

Farah MJ: Personhood, consciousness, and severe brain damage. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013: 175-188.

Fins JJ, Schiff ND: Disorders of consciousness following severe brain injury. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:162-174.

Glannon W: Brain death. In his Bioethics and the Brain. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2007:148-178.

Hawkins J: What is good for them ? Best interests and severe disorders of consciousness. In Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage. Edited by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016:180-206.

Laureys S: Brain Death. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:149-161.

Leshner AI: Ethical issues in taking neuroscience research from bench to bedside. In Defining Right and Wrong in Brain Science. Edited by Walter Glannon. New York: Dana Press; 2007:75-82.

Owen AM, Naci L: Decoding thoughts in behaviorally nonresponsive patients. In Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage. Edited by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016:100-121.

Racine E: Communication of prognosis in disorders of consciousness and severe brain injury: a closer look at paradoxical discourses in the clinical and public domains. In his Pragmatic Neuroethics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2010:161-178.

Verheijde JL: Evidence and ethics. In Evidence-based Neurology: Management of Neurological Disorders. Edited by Bart M. Demaerschalk, Dean M. Wingerchuk. West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell; 2015:13-20.

Ethical issues in psychiatry (including gender and LGBT)

Alpert S: The SPECTer of commercial neuroimaging. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):56-58. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721450.

Anderson JA, Illes J: Neuroimaging and mental health: drowning in a sea of acrimony. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):42-43. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721454.

Appelbaum PS: Ethical challenges in the primary prevention of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2015, 41(4):773-775. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv053.

Armon E, Kohls NB, Giordano J: On the viability of neurotechnology and mind-body methods in pediatric mental health: perspectives on integrating new tools to complement old techniques. Eur J Integ Med 2016, 8(2):137-140. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2015.12.011.

Barry LK: Ethical issues in psychiatric research. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009, 32(2):381-394. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.02.003.

Baylis F, Downie J: Drilling down in neuroethics. Bioethics 2009, 23(6):iii-iv. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01730.x.

Belitz J, Bailey RA: Clinical ethics for the treatment of children and adolescents: a guide for general psychiatrists. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009, 32(2):243-257. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.02.001.

Bell JA: Preventing post-traumatic stress disorder or pathologizing bad memories? Am J Bioeth 2007, 7(9): 29-30. doi:10.1080/15265160701518540.

Bikson M, Bhaskar P, Giordano J: The off-label use, utility and potential value of tDCS in the clinical care of particular neuropsychiatric conditions. J Law Biosci 2016, 3(3):642-646. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsw044.

Bloch S, Green S: An ethical framework for psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry 2006, 188:7-12. doi:10.1192/bjp.188.1.7.

Bockting WO: Vulnerability and resilience among gender-nonconforming children and adolescents: mental health professionals have a key role to play. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016, 55(6):441-443. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.04.008.

Bott NT, Radke AE, Kiely T: Ethical issues surrounding psychologists’ use of neuroscience in the promotion and practice of psychotherapy. Prof Psychol Res Pr 2016, 47(5): 321-329. doi:10.1037/pro0000103.

Brown T: Narrative practice apart from truth. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):91-92. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.722809.

Buchman DZ, Skinner W, Illes J: Negotiating the relationship between addiction, ethics, and brain science. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):36-45. doi:10.1080/21507740903508609.

Cabral M et al.: Removal of gender incongruence of childhood diagnostic category: a human rights perspective. Lancet Psychiatry 2016, 3(5):405-406. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30043-8.

Carpenter W: Diagnosing rather than labeling young people with mental disorders: a response to Mittal et al. Bioethics 2015, 29(9):683. doi:10.1111/bioe.12179.

Carter A, Hall W: Beyond the right to injectable heroin. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):48-49. doi:10.1080/21507740903504467.

Charland LC: A madness for identity: psychiatric labels, consumer autonomy, and the perils of the internet. Philos Psychiatr Psychol 2004, 11(4):335-349.

Chen DT, Shepherd LL: When, why, and how to conduct research in child and adolescent psychiatry: practical and ethical considerations. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009, 32(2):361-380. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.03.003.

Cheung EH: A new ethics of psychiatry: neuroethics, neuroscience, and technology. J Psychiatr Pract 2009, 15(5):391-401. doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000361279.11210.14.

Coverdale J, Roberts LW: Global challenges and ethics in protecting and promoting the interests of psychiatrically ill patients. Int Rev Psychiatry 2010, 22(3):229-234. doi:10.3109/09540261.2010.486828.

Crane JK: “Who you talkin’ about?”: parallel truthiness concerns between autobiography and biography in bioethics. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):82-83. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721458.

Daley TC, Singhal N, Krishnamurthy V: Ethical considerations in conducting research on autism spectrum disorders in low and middle income countries. J Autism Dev Disord 2013, 43(9):2002-2014. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1750-2.

Dell ML: Child and adolescent depression: psychotherapeutic, ethical, and related nonpharmacologic considerations for general psychiatrists and others who prescribe. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2012, 35(1):181-201. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2011.12.002.

Diamond M: Developmental, sexual and reproductive neuroendocrinology: historical, clinical and ethical considerations. Front Neuroendocrinol 2011, 32(2):255-263. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.02.003.

Drescher J, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Reed GM: Gender incongruence of childhood in the ICD-11: controversies, proposal, and rationale. Lancet Psychiatry 2016, 3(3):297-304. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00586-6.

Drescher J. Queer diagnoses: parallels and contrasts in the history of homosexuality, gender variance, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Arch Sex Behav 2010, 39(2):427-460. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9531-5.

Drescher J: Queer diagnoses revisited: the past and future of homosexuality and gender diagnoses in DSM and ICD. Int Rev Psychiatry 2015, 27(5):386-395. doi:10.3109/09540261.2015.1053847.

Farah MJ, Wolpe PR: Monitoring and manipulating brain function: new neuroscience technologies and their ethical implications. Hastings Cent Rep 2004, 34(3):35-45.

Farah MJ, Gillihan SJ: The puzzle of neuroimaging and psychiatric diagnosis: technology and nosology in an evolving discipline. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):31-41. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.713072.

Fisher CE: Neuroimaging and validity in psychiatric diagnosis. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):50-51. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721471.

Fitzpatrick SJ: The telling moment: narrative as a discursive act. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):80-81. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721452.

Fuchs T: Ethical issues in neuroscience. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006, 19(6):600-607. doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000245752.75879.26.

Gibson S, Benson O, Brand SL: Talking about suicide: confidentiality and anonymity in qualitative research. Nurs Ethics 2013, 20(1):18-29. doi:10.1177/0969733012452684.

Gillett GR: The subjective brain, identity, and neuroethics. Am J Bioeth 2009, 9(9):5-13. doi:10.1080/15265160903090058.

Giordano J: On the implications of changing constructs of pain and addiction disorders in the DSM-5: language games, ethics and action. IJLHE 2011, 7(1):1-8.

Giordano J: Neuroimaging in psychiatry: approaching the puzzle as a piece of the bigger picture(s). AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):54-56. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721469.

Greely HT: Direct brain interventions to “treat” disfavored human behaviors: ethical and social issues. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012, 91(2):163-165. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.292.

Greenberg D, Strous RD: Ethics and the psychiatry journal editor: responsibilities and dilemmas. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2014, 51(3):204-210.

Gupta M: Does evidence-based medicine apply to psychiatry? Theor Med Bioeth 2007, 28(2): 103-120. doi:10.1007/s11017-007-9029-x.

Hall W: Feeling “better than well.” EMBO Rep 2004, 5(12):1105-1109. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400303.

Hens K, Peeters H, Dierickz K: The ethics of complexity: genetics and autism, a literature review. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016, 171B(3):305-316. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32432.

Hoop JG, Smyth AC, Roberts LW: Ethical issues in psychiatric research on children and adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2008, 17(1):127-148. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.07.003.

Hoop JG, Spellecy R: Philosophical and ethical issues at the forefront of neuroscience and genetics: an overview for psychiatrists. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009, 32(2):437-449. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.03.004.

Horwitz AV, Wakefield JC: Should screening for depression among children and adolescents be demedicalized? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009, 48(7):683-687. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181a5e3ad.

Herrera-Ferrá K, Giordano J: Re-classifying recurrent violent behavior? considerations, caveats and neuroethical concerns for psychiatry and social engagement. Acta Psychopathol 2016, 2:1. doi:10.4172/2469-6676.100032.

Jotterand F, Giordano J: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation and personal identity: ethical questions, and neuroethical approaches for medical practice. Int Rev Psychiatry 2011, 23(5):476-485. doi:10.3109/09540261.2011.616189.2011.616189.

Kalis A: Narrative truth and cases of delusion. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):87-89. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721457.

Katz CL, Lahey TP, Campbell HT: An ethical framework for global psychiatry. Ann Glob Health 2014, 80(2):146-151. doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2014.04.002.

Koelch M, Fegert JM: Ethics in child and adolescent psychiatric care: an international perspective. Int Rev Psychiatry 2010, 22(3):258-266. doi:10.3109/09540261.2010.485979.

Lavazza A: Erasing traumatic memories: when context and social interests can outweigh personal autonomy. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2015,10:3. doi:10.1186/s13010-014-0021-6.

Lee G: Ethical issues in behavioral neuroscience: ethics of human research in behavioral neuroscience: overview of Section II. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015, 19:135-136. doi:10.1007/7854_2014_343.

Lingiardi V, Nardelli N, Tripodi E: Reparative attitudes of Italian psychologists toward lesbian and gay clients: theoretical, clinical, and social implications. Prof Psychol Res Pr 2015, 46(2):132-139. doi:10.1037/pro0000016.

Loi M: Normal functioning and public reason. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2013, 22(2):136-145. doi:10.1017/S0963180112000515.

Matthews S, Kennett J: Lying, narrative, and truth shareability. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):86-87. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721468.

Mittal VA, Dean DJ, Mittal J, Saks ER: Ethical, legal, and clinical considerations when disclosing a high-risk syndrome for psychosis. Bioethics 2015, 29(8):543-556. doi:10.1111/bioe.12155.

Mosley PE, Marsh R, Carter A: Deep brain stimulation for depression: Unterrainer Mscientific issues and future directions. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2015, 4 (11):967-978. doi:10.1177/0004867415599845.

Northoff G: Neuroscience of decision making and informed consent: an investigation in neuroethics. J Med Ethics 2006, 32(2):70-73. doi:10.1136/jme.2005.011858.

Northoff G: What is neuroethics? empirical and theoretical neuroethics. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2009, 22(6):565-569. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32832e088b.

Parmigiani G et al.: Decisional capacity to consent to clinical research involving placebo in psychiatric patients. J Forensic Sci 2016, 61(2):388-393. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13000.

Patil T, Giordano J: On the ontological assumptions of the medical model of psychiatry: philosophical considerations and pragmatic tasks. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2010, 5:3. doi:10.1186/1747-5341-5-3.

Radden J: Notes towards a professional ethics for psychiatry. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2002, 36(1):52-59. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00989.x.

Ramos RT: The conceptual limits of neuroimaging in psychiatric diagnosis. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):52-53. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721856.

Remschmidt H: Psychopharmacological treatments in children and adolescents: adequate use or abuse? World Psychiatry 2013, 12(2):135-136. doi:10.1002/wps.20036.

Rich BA: My story, my self: the pathologizing of personal identity. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):89-91. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721456.

Roskies AL: Neuroethics beyond genetics: despite the overlap between the ethics of neuroscience and genetics, there are important areas where the two diverge. EMBO Rep 2007, 8:S52-S56. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401009.

Salles A: Neuroethics in a “psy” world: the case of Argentina. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2014, 23(3):297-307. doi:10.1017/S096318011300090X.

Sample M: Evolutionary, not revolutionary: current prospects for diagnostic neuroimaging. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):46-48. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721461.

Satel S, Lilienfeld SO: Singing the brain disease blues. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):46-47. doi:10.1080/21507740903504368.

Schechtman M: Making the truth: self-understanding, self-constitution, neuroscience, and narrative. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):75-76. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721453.

Song SJ: An ethical approach to life-long learning: implications for global psychiatry. Acad Psychiatry 2011, 35(6):391-396. doi:10.1176/appi.ap.35.6.391.

Stier M, Muders S, Rüther M, Schöne-Seifert B: Biologismus-kontroversen: ethische implikationen für die psychiatrie [biologism controversy: ethical implications for psychiatry]. Nervenarzt 2013, 84(10):1165-1174. doi:10.1007/s00115-013-3736-5.

Strous RD: Ethical considerations in clinical training, care and research in psychopharmacology. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011, 14(3):413-424. doi:10.1017/S1461145710001112.

Suárez Richards M: Psiquiatría y neuroética [psychiatry and neuroethics]. Vertex 2013, 24(109):233-240.

Synofzik M: Intervenieren in der neuronalen basis der persönlichkeit: eine praxisorientierte ethische analyse der neuropharmakologie und der tiefen hirnstimulation [Intervening in the neural basis of one's personality: a practice-oriented ethical analysis of neuropharmacology and deep-brain stimulation]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2007, 132(50):2711-2713. doi:10.1055/s-2007-993124.

Takagi M: 精神医学的治療としての脳深部刺激の安全性と神経学的考察 [safety and neuroethical consideration of deep brain stimulation as a psychiatric treatment]. Brain Nerve 2009, 61(1):33-40.

Thachuk AK: Stigma and the politics of biomedical models of mental illness. Int J Fem Approaches Bioeth 2011, 4(1):140-163. doi:10.2979/intjfemappbio.4.1.140.

Thong IS et al.: Therapeutic misconception in psychiatry research: a systematic review. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2016, 14(1):17-25. doi:10.9758/cpn.2016.14.1.17.

Tsao CI, Layde JB, Roberts LW: A review of ethics in psychiatric research. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2008, 21(6):572-577. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32830aba23.

Umbach R, Berryessa CM, Raine A: Brain imaging research on psychopathy: implications for punishment, prediction, and treatment in youth and adults. J Crim Jus 2015, 43(4):295-306. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.04.003.

Unterrainer M, Oduncu FS: The ethics of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Med Health Care Philos 2015, 18(4):475-485. doi:10.1007/s11019-015-9622-0.

Van Niekerk AA: Biomedical enhancement and the pursuit of mastery and perfection: a critique of the views of Michael Sandel. S Afr J Philos 2014, 33(2):155-165.

Vaz M, Srinivasan K: Ethical challenges & dilemmas for medical health professionals doing psychiatric research. Indian J Med Res 2014, 139(2):191-193.

Vuilleumier P, Sander D, Baertschi B: Changing the brain, changing the society: clinical and ethical implications of neuromodulation techniques in neurology and psychiatry. Brain Topogr 2014, 27(1):1-3. doi:10.1007/s10548-013-0325-7.

Walker MJ: Neuroscience, self-understanding, and narrative truth. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):63-74. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.712603.

Wolpe PR: Ethics and social policy in research on the neuroscience of human sexuality. Nat Neurosci 2004, 7(10):1031-1033. doi:10.1038/nn1324.

Wright MT, Roberts LW: A basic decision-making approach to common ethical issues in consultation-liaison psychiatry. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009, 32(2):315-328. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.03.001.

Wurzman R, Giordano J: Differential susceptibility to plasticity: a “missing link” between gene-culture coevolution and neuropsychiatric spectrum disorders? BMC Med 2012, 10:37. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-37.

Zohny H: Enhancement, disability and the riddle of the relevant circumstances. J Med Ethics 2016, 42(9):605-610. doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103229.

Books

Dogan H: MIS-UN-TRUE Informed Consent: Focus on Informed Consent and Ethical Requirements for Clinical Trials of Neuroscience and Psychiatry. Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing; 2015.

Elliot C: Better Than Well: American Medicine Meets the American Dream. New York: W.W.Norton; 2003.

Elliot C: Chambers T: Prozac as a Way of Life. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press; 2004.

Fulford KWM, Thornton T, Graham G: Oxford Textbook of Philosophy and Psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006.

Gupta M: Is Evidence-based Psychiatry Ethical? Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014.

Healy D: Let Them Eat Prozac: The Unhealthy Relationship Between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression. New York: New York University Press; 2004.

Lee G, Illes J, Ohl F: Ethical Issues in Behavioral Neuroscience. Heidelberg: Springer; 2015.

Phillips J: Philosophical Perspectives on Technology and Psychiatry. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009.

Sadler JZ, van Staden W, Fulford KWM: The Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015.

Sahakian BJ, LaBuzetta JN: Bad Moves: How Decision Making Goes Wrong, and the Ethics of Smart Drugs. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2013.

Book Chapters

Bluhm R, Raczek M, Broome, MR, Wall MB: Ethical issues in brain imaging in psychiatry. In Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Edited by John A. Sadler, Werdie van Staden, K.W.M. Fulford. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015:1109-1125.

Conrad P, Horwitz A: Marketing of neuropsychiatric illness and enhancement. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013:46-56.

Drescher J: Ethical issues in treating LGBT patients. In Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Edited by John A. Sadler, Werdie van Staden, K.W.M. Fulford. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015:180-192.

Glannon W: Pharmacological and psychological interventions. In his Bioethics and the Brain. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007:76-115.

Glannon W: Psychiatric neuroethics I: deep brain stimulation and lesioning. In Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Edited by John A. Sadler, Werdie van Staden, K.W.M. Fulford. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015:1191-1206.

Glannon W: Psychiatric neuroethics II: less invasive and non-invasive techniques. In Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Edited by John A. Sadler, Werdie van Staden, K.W.M. Fulford. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015:1207-1227.

Hansen JL: A virtue-based approach to neuro-enhancement in the context of psychiatric practice. In Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Edited by John A. Sadler, Werdie van Staden, K.W.M. Fulford. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015:1228-1249.

Kleinbub JR, Zidarich S: Are near-death-experience memories real? ethical implications of a neuropsychological study. In Frontiers in Neuroethics: Conceptual and Empirical Advances. Edited by Andrea Lavazza. Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2016:135-156.

Radden J: Virtue ethics as professional ethics; the case of psychiatry. In Working Virtue: Virtue Ethics and Contemporary Moral Problems. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007:113-134.

Ethical issues in anesthesiology/pain medicine (including addiction)

Brenner GJ, Kueppenbender K, Mao J, Spike J: Ethical challenges and interventional pain medicine. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2012, 16(1):1-8. doi:10.1007/s11916-011-0242-y.

Carter D, Sendziuk P, Eliott JA, Braunack-Mayer A: Why is pain still under-treated in the emergency department? two new hypotheses. Bioethics 2016, 30(3):195-202. doi:10.1111/bioe.12170.

Compagnone C, Tagliaferri F, Allegri M, Fanelli G: Ethical issues in pain and omics research: some points to start the debate. Croat Med J 2014, 55(1):1-2. doi:10.3325/cmj.2014.55.1.

Compton P, Weaver MF: Responsible opioid use. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2015, 29(2):166-168. doi:10.3109/15360288.2015.1037522.

da Cunha BF: Ethics and undertreatment of pain in patients with a history of drug abuse. Medsurg Nurs 2015, 24(1):Suppl 4-7, 16.

Demertzi A et al.: Pain perception in disorders of consciousness: neuroscience, clinical care, and ethics in dialogue. Neuroethics 2013, 6(1):37-50. doi:10.1007/s12152-011-9149-x.

Franklin GM: Primum non nocere. Pain Med 2013, 14(5):617-618. doi:10.1111/pme.12120_2.

Garcia AM: State laws regulating prescribing of controlled substances: balancing the public health problems of chronic pain and prescription painkiller abuse and overdose. J Law Med Ethics 2012, 41(Suppl 1):42-45. doi:10.1111/jlme.12037.

Giordano J: Cassandra’s curse: interventional pain management, policy and preserving meaning against a market mentality. Pain Physician 2006, 9(3):167-169.

Giordano J: Complementarity, brain-mind, and pain. Forsch Komplementmed 2008, 15(2):71-73. doi:10.1159/000121106.

Giordano J, Schatman ME: A crisis in chronic pain care: an ethical analysis: part two: proposed structure and function of an ethics of pain medicine. Pain Physician 2008, 11(5): 589-595.

Giordano J, Schatman ME: A crisis in chronic pain care: an ethical analysis: part three: toward an integrative, multi-disciplinary pain medicine built around the needs of the patient. Pain Physician 2008, 11(6): 775-784.

Giordano J, Engebretson JC, Benedikter R: Culture, subjectivity, and the ethics of patient-centered pain care. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2009, 18(1):47-56. doi:10.1017/S0963180108090087.

Giordano J, Schatman ME: A ethical analysis of crisis in chronic pain care: facts, issues and problems in pain medicine: part 1. Pain Physician 2008, 11(4):483-490.

Giordano J, Schatman ME, Höver G: Ethical insights to rapprochement in pain care: bringing stakeholders together in the best interest(s) of the patient. Pain Physician 2009, 12(4):E265-E275.

Giordano J: Ethics of, and in, pain medicine: constructs, content, and contexts of application. Pain Physician 2008, 11(4):391-392.

Giordano J: Maldynia: chronic pain as illness, and the need for complementarity in pain care. Forsch Komplementmed 2008, 15(5):277-281. doi:10.1159/000158572.

Giordano J: Moral agency in pain medicine: philosophy, practice and virtue. Pain Physician 2006, 9(1):41-46.

Giordano J: The neuroscience of pain, and a neuroethics of pain care. Neuroethics 2010, 3(1):89-94. doi:10.1007/s12152-009-9034-z.

Giordano J, Gomez CF, Harrison C: On the potential role for interventional pain management in palliative care. Pain Physician 2007, 10(3):395-398.

Giordano J: Pain and suffering: Körper and Leib, and the telos of pain care. Philos Psychiatr Psychol 2013,19(4):279-283.

Giordano J, Abramson K, Boswell MV: Pain assessment: subjectivity, objectivity, and the use of neurotechnology. Pain Physician 2010, 13(4):305-315.

Giordano J, Schatman ME, Benedikter R: Pain care for a global community: part 2: ethics and economics in intersection. Pract Pain Manag 2008, 8(7):65-69.

Giordano J, Newman R, Boswell MV: Pain medicine, biotechnology and market effects: tools, tekne and moral responsibility. Ethics Biol Eng Med 2010, 1(2):133-140. doi:10.1615/EthicsBiologyEngMed.v1.i2.50.

Giordano J, Boswell MV: Pain, placebo, and nocebo: epistemic, ethical and practical issues. Pain Physician 2005, 8(4):331-333.

Giordano J: Pain research: can paradigmatic expansion bridge the demands of medicine, scientific philosophy and ethics? Pain Physician 2004, 7(4):407-410.

Giordano J, Kohls NB: Self, suffering and spirituality: the neuroscience of being, pain and spiritual experiences and practices. Mind Matter 2008, 6(2):179-191.

Giordano J: Techniques, technology, and tekne: on the ethical use of guidelines in the practice of interventional pain medicine. Pain Physician 2007, 10(1):1-5.

Giordano J, Benedikter R: The shifting architectonics of pain medicine: toward ethical realignment of scientific, medical and market values for the emerging global community--groundwork for policy. Pain Med 2011, 12(3):406-414. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01055.x.

Goldberg DS, Rich BA: Few benefits, likely harms: against universal random urine drug screening in pain management. Pain Med 2014, 15(12):2000-2001. doi:10.1111/pme.12604_3.

Gupta A, Giordano J: On the nature, assessment, and treatment of fetal pain: neurobiological bases, pragmatic issues and ethical concerns. Pain Physician 2007, 10(4):525-532.

Heit HA: Healthcare professionals and the DEA: trying to get back in balance. Pain Med 2006, 7(1):72-74. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00093.x

Knight C, Albertsen A: Rawlsian justice and palliative care. Bioethics 2015, 29(8):536-542. doi:10.1111/bioe.12156.

Kotalik J: Controlling pain and reducing misuse of opioids: ethical considerations. Can Fam Physician 2012, 58(4):381-385.

Loveless SE, Giordano J: Neuroethics, painience, and neurocentric criteria for the moral treatment of animals. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2014, 23(2):163-172. doi:10.1017/S0963180113000698.

Marcus BS, Venkat A: Ethical pain management in the emergency department: the canary in the coal mine. Pain Manag 2015, 5(4):251-260. doi:10.2217/pmt.15.18.

McConnell D, Snoek A: Narrating truths worth living: addiction narratives. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):77-78. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721459.

McGrew M, Giordano J: Whence tendance? accepting the responsibility of care for the chronic pain patient. Pain Physician 2009, 12(3):483-485.

Niebrój LT, Jadamus-Niebrój D, Giordano J: Toward a moral grounding of pain medicine: consideration of neuroscience, reverence, beneficence, and autonomy. Pain Physician 2008, 11(1):7-12.

Oliver J et al.: American Society for Pain Management nursing position statement: pain management in patients with substance use disorders. J Addict Nurs 2012, 23(3):210-222. doi:10.1097/JAN.0b013e318271c123.

Olsen DP: Ethical practice with patients in pain. Am J Nurs 2016, 116(1):57-60. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000476172.74165.1c.

Payne R et al.: A rose by any other name: pain contracts/agreements. Am J Bioeth 2010, 10(11):5-12. doi:10.1080/15265161.2010.519425.

Pentin PL: Drug seeking or pain crisis? responsible prescribing of opioids in the emergency department. Virtual Mentor 2013, 15(5):410-415. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2013.15.5.ecas2-1305.

Peppin J: Preserving beneficence. Pain Med 2013, 14(5):619. doi:10.1111/pme.12120_3.

Riganello F et al.: Pain perception in unresponsive wakefulness syndrome may challenge the interruption of artificial nutrition and hydration: neuroethics in action. Front Neurol 2016, 7:202. doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00202.

Robinson PJ, Rickard JA: Ethical quandaries in caring for primary-care patients with chronic pain. Fam Syst Health 2013, 31(1):52-59. doi:10.1037/a0031952.

Robinson-Papp J, George MC: Trust and the ethics of chronic pain management in HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2015, 26(5):509-513. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2015.05.007.

Venkat A et al.: An ethical framework for the management of pain in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med 2013, 20(7):716-723. doi:10.1111/acem.12158.

Books:

Benasayag M, Abtroun S: L'éthique de la Souffrance [the ethics of suffering]. Latresne: Bord de l'eau; 2002.

Bruder N, Bissonnette B, Ravussin P: La Réanimation Neurochirurgicale [Neurosurgical Resuscitation]. Paris: Springer; 2007.

Buonocore G, Bellieni CV: Neonatal Pain: Suffering, Pain and Risk of Brain Damage in the Fetus and Newborn. Milano: Springer-Verlag Italia; 2008.

Caenepeel D: La Sédation Continue en Fin de Vie: Enjeux Ethiques [Sedation at the End of Life: Ethical Issues]. Montréal: Médiaspaul; 2005.

Carter A, Hall W, Illes J: Addiction Neuroethics: The Ethics of Addiction Neuroscience Research and Treatment. London: Academic Press; 2012.

Cole BE: Ethics in Pain Management and End-of-Life Care. Glendale, CA: Audio-Digest Foundation; 2006.

Gallagher RM: Insight and Responsibility: Ethics in Pain Medicine and Palliative Care. London: Henry Stewart Talks; 2009.

George SK, Jung PG: Cultural Ontology of the Self in Pain. New Delhi: Springer; 2016.

Giordano J: Maldynia: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Illness of Chronic Pain. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2011.

Giordano JJ, Boswell MV: Pain Medicine: Philosophy, Ethics and Policy. Chicago: Linton Atlantic Books; 2009.

Giordano JJ: Pain: Mind, Meaning, and Medicine: Collected Essays on the Philosophical and Ethical Dimensions of Practical Pain Management. Glen Mills, PA: PPM Communications, Inc.; 2009.

Goldberg DS: The Bioethics of Pain Management: Beyond Opioids. New York: Routledge; 2014.

Green RM, Palpant NJ: Suffering and Bioethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014.

Grønstad A, Gustafsson H: Ethics and Images of Pain. New York: Routledge; 2012.

Husebø S, Klaschik E: Palliativmedizin [Palliative Medicine]. Berlin: Springer; 2009.

Loland S, Skirstad B, Waddington I: Pain and Injury in Sport: Social and Ethical Analysis. London: Routledge; 2006.

Meldrum M: Opioids and Pain Relief: A Historical Perspective. Seattle: IASP Press; 2003.

Morrissey MBQ: Suffering Narratives of Older Adults: A Phenomenological Approach to Serious Illness, Chronic Pain, Recovery and Maternal Care. New York: Routledge; 2015.

Schatman ME: Ethical Issues in Chronic Pain Management. New York: Informa Healthcare; 2007.

Schopenhauer A, Hollingdale RJ: On the Suffering of the World. London: Penguin Books; 2004.

van Norman GA, Jackson S, Rosenbaum SH, Palmer SK: Clinical Ethics in Anesthesiology: A Case-Based Textbook. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2011.

Book Chapters:

Giordano J: From a neurophilosophy of pain to a neuroethics of pain care. In Scientific and Philosophical Perspectives in Neuroethics. Edited by James J. Giordano, Bert Gordijn. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2010:172-189.

Hardcastle VG: Minimally conscious states and pain: a different approach to patient ethics. In Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage. Edited by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016:207-225.

Hyman SE: Addiction and responsibility. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013:96-104.

Hyman SE: The neurobiology of addiction: implications for the voluntary control of behavior. In Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings. Edited by Martha J. Farah. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2010: 259-267.